MapBiomas

Rural Credit Monitor Method

MÉTODO

The Rural Credit Monitor é uma iniciativa do MapBiomas desenvolvida para ampliar a transparência sobre a aplicação de recursos públicos no crédito rural no Brasil. A plataforma integra informações de operações registradas no Sistema de Operações do Crédito Rural e do Proagro (Sicor) e dados geoespaciais públicos, permitindo analisar a localização, o contexto territorial e as condições verificadas nas análises espaciais com base nas camadas de cruzamentos relacionados às glebas financiadas.

The monitor provides visualizations, statistics, and reports that combine land parcels associated with credit operations and cross-referenced layers considered in the analyses, including land and territorial information and deforestation alerts validated by MapBiomas, supporting environmental and territorial compliance analyses.

SICOR DATABASE

The Rural Credit and Proagro Operations System (Sicor) is a database maintained by the Central Bank of Brazil (BCB) that compiles information on all rural credit operations granted by financial institutions in Brazil, in accordance with the regulations consolidated in the Rural Credit Manual (MCR).

The land parcels shown in the Rural Credit Monitor are those made publicly available by Sicor, referring to operations that use public funds, either through interest rate equalization, access to public sources of financing or Proagro coverage. For reasons of banking secrecy, only part of the rural credit operations contain georeferenced coordinates; therefore, the parcels displayed represent a fraction of the total universe of financing with public funds.

For the base composition:

  • All land parcels available in Sicor with an issue date from 2019 onwards are used, ensuring temporal compatibility with MapBiomas Alerta, established nationally in 2019.
  • The Sicor public database used in the Rural Credit Monitor is updated monthly, in accordance with publications made available by the Central Bank. The information is extracted directly from public microdata, without any modification, interpolation, or inference regarding coordinates or attributes declared by financial institutions.
  • The Rural Credit Monitor does not reinterpret, correct, or legally validate the data provided by Sicor. The platform only integrates this information into geospatial analyses, preserving exactly the content provided by the official database.

RURAL ENVIRONMENTAL REGISTRY (CAR) ANALYSIS

For each rural credit operation, the Rural Credit Monitor verifies the degree of spatial correspondence between the financed land and the CAR declared in Sicor. This analysis is necessary to assess the consistency of the information declared, given that the CAR is the official reference for identifying the property in the context of credit, in accordance with CMN Resolution No. 5,193/2024 (MCR 2-9).

The verification is performed by calculating the percentage of overlap between the polygon of the land parcel and the CAR polygon(s) associated with the operation. Based on this percentage, the relationship between the land parcel and the CAR is classified into three categories:

  • Included: when the land parcel overlaps by 95% or more with the CAR declared in the SICAR database;
  • Partially included: when the land parcel overlaps more than 0% and less than 95% with the declared CAR;
  • Not included: means that the land parcel has 0% overlap with the declared CAR.
  • CAR not found in the database: when the CAR code entered for the operation is not present in the SICAR database used by the platform.

This classification is used exclusively for transparency and contextualization purposes and does not constitute a legal, land, or regulatory assessment of the property or the credit operation. It helps users interpret the relationship between the geometry declared in Sicor and the cadastral boundary of the property registered in CAR, which is the parameter adopted by MCR to identify the development.

CROSS-REFERENCED LAYERS

Analyses of land financed based on cross-referenced layers follow the criteria established by the Rural Credit Manual (MCR) for verifying compliance applicable to financing. According to CMN Resolution No. 5,193/2024 (MCR 2-9), the identification of rural property in the context of credit must give priority to the information declared in the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR).

For this reason, in the Rural Credit Monitor, all spatial analyses are performed based on the boundary of the CAR(s) associated with the operation, which becomes the official geometry used to verify the location of the project and identify any overlaps with the intersection layers.

This approach is applied to all cross-referencing layers integrated into the Rural Credit Monitor, including:

  • Conservation Units
  • Indigenous Lands
  • Public Forest type B
  • Environmental embargoes
  • MapBiomas Alert

For all these layers, intersections are performed exclusively with the boundary of the CAR(s) declared for the operation.

The only exception provided for in the regulations occurs in the case of Quilombola Territories. Item 8 of MCR 2-9 establishes that impediments related to Quilombola territories concern the effective area of the project, and not only the situation declared in the CAR. Thus, when the financed land is totally or partially located on land occupied and titled by remaining Quilombola communities, the impediment applies regardless of the limit registered in the CAR

For this reason, exclusively for this segment, the Rural Credit Monitor performs cross-checking based on the limit of the financed land itself, ensuring full compliance with the criteria established in the regulations.

DEFORESTATION ALERTS CHRONOLOGY

The chronology of deforestation alerts is used to identify when the deforestation validated by MapBiomas Alert occurred in relation to the date of issuance of rural credit financing. This information helps to contextualize the temporal dynamics of deforestation in relation to the credit granted, allowing the user to understand whether the alert precedes, coincides with, or follows the financing analyzed.

The analysis compares three key dates:

  • Alert confirmation date — corresponds to the date of the satellite image that proves the occurrence of deforestation (date of the event).
  • Alert publication date — corresponds to the date on which the alert was made publicly available on the MapBiomas Alert platform.
  • Date of issuance of land financing — date recorded in Sicor referring to the contracting of rural credit.

Based on the temporal relationship between these dates, the chronology is classified into three situations:

  • Land parcel financed before the date of confirmation of the deforestation alert: Indicates that the parcel was financed before official evidence of deforestation (date of confirmation image).
  • Land parcel financed between the dates of confirmation and publication of the deforestation alert: Indicates that the parcel was financed after the date of the confirmation image, but before the alert was published on the MapBiomas Alerta platform.
  • Land parcel financed after the date of publication of the deforestation alert: Indicates that the parcel was financed after the alert had already been published and made publicly available by MapBiomas Alert.

This chronological analysis is used exclusively for the purposes of transparency and contextualization in the report and does not constitute a legal interpretation of responsibility, legality, or compliance with deforestation. It helps to understand when the conversion of vegetation occurred in relation to the rural financing analyzed.

CROSS-REFERENCED LAYERS USED FOR ANALYSES

The platform integrates territorial, land, and environmental layers from official public databases, including:

  • IBGE - States, Municipalities, Biomes
  • SICAR - Rural Environmental Registry (CAR)
  • ICMBio/MMA - Conservation Units
  • FUNAI - Indigenous Lands
  • INCRA - Quilombola Territories
  • SFB - Public Forest Type B
  • Instituto Centro de Vida (ICV) - Environmental Embargoes*
  • MapBiomas Alert - validated alerts of native vegetation supression

* Environmental Embargo Database (ICV compilation) – The database of embargoes used in the Rural Credit Monitor is a consolidated set produced by the Instituto Centro de Vida (ICV), which brings together embargoes issued by federal and state agencies.

Notice: The analyses presented are produced exclusively from public data and official databases made available by government agencies and are subject to limitations arising from differences in frequency, possible geospatial inaccuracies and possible outdated sources. The results reflect the status of the information available at the time of processing and do not replace technical, land, environmental or legal assessments by the competent authorities. The use, interpretation, and application of the data provided by the Rural Credit Monitor are the sole responsibility of the user.