{"id":2745,"date":"2023-09-22T12:41:57","date_gmt":"2023-09-22T12:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brasil.mapbiomas.org\/?p=2745"},"modified":"2023-09-29T18:18:48","modified_gmt":"2023-09-29T18:18:48","slug":"amazonia-concentra-mais-de-90-do-garimpo-no-brasil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brasil.mapbiomas.org\/en\/2023\/09\/22\/amazonia-concentra-mais-de-90-do-garimpo-no-brasil\/","title":{"rendered":"The Amazon concentrates more than 90% of Brazil's gold mining\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Large mining centers have consolidated in the biome in the last decade<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mining exploded in Brazil in 2022. Data from MapBiomas shows that in just one year the area occupied by the activity in the country grew by 35,000 hectares - the size of a city like Curitiba. Following the trend already detected in previous mappings, this growth occurred basically in the Amazon, which in 2022 concentrated almost all (92%) of the area mined in Brazil. Almost half (40.7%) of the area mined in this biome was opened up in the last five years. There is no doubt about the interest of the prospectors: 85.4% of the 263,000 hectares mined in Brazil are for gold. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um dado que chamou a aten\u00e7\u00e3o dos pesquisadores foi a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o do garimpo em \u00e1reas protegidas restritas a esta atividade, sendo esta ilegal, como nos Parques Nacionais do Jamanxin, do Rio Novo e da Amaz\u00f4nia, no Par\u00e1; na Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Ecol\u00f3gica  Juami Japur\u00e1, no Amazonas, e na Terra Ind\u00edgena Yanomami, em Roraima. As imagens hist\u00f3ricas de sat\u00e9lite mostram que as tr\u00eas primeiras s\u00e3o garimpadas h\u00e1 mais de 20 anos, por\u00e9m tiveram um crescimento substancial nos \u00faltimos 10 anos. Toda a \u00e1rea garimpada na Esec Juami Japur\u00e1, por sua vez, tem menos de cinco anos. No caso da TI Yanomami, a expans\u00e3o exponencialmente se deu de 10 anos para c\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

>> Os destaques de minera\u00e7\u00e3o no Brasil 1985-2022<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The size of these garimpos stands out on the maps and is easily identifiable even by laypeople. It's surprising that they still exist year after year. Their existence and growth is evidence of economic and political support for the activity, without which they would not survive, since they are in areas where mining is prohibited,\" says C\u00e9sar Diniz, technical coordinator of MapBiomas' mining mapping. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The growth of mining activity in protected areas is impressive. In 2022, the area occupied in these territories was 190% larger than five years ago: almost 50,000 hectares were incorporated into mining in the period. In 2022, more than 25,000 hectares in Indigenous Lands (TIs) and 78,000 hectares in Conservation Units (UCs) were occupied by mining. In 2018, there were 9,500 and 44,700 hectares, respectively. In 2022, 39% of the area mined in Brazil was within an Indigenous Land or Conservation Unit. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Indigenous Lands, the areas mined in 2022 were 265% larger, or 15,700 hectares, compared to 2018. Almost two-thirds (62.3%) of the area mined in Indigenous Lands was opened in the last five years. The Indigenous Lands most invaded by mining are the Kayap\u00f3 (13,700 hectares), Munduruku (5,500 hectares), Yanomami (3,300 hectares), Tenharim do Igarap\u00e9 Preto (1,000 hectares) and Sai-Cinza (377 hectares). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Almost half (43%) of the area mined in UCs has been opened up in the last five years. Those most invaded by prospectors are the Tapaj\u00f3s APA (51.6 thousand hectares), the Aman\u00e1 Flona (7.9 thousand hectares), Esec Juami Japur\u00e1 (2.6 thousand hectares), Crepori Flona (2.3 thousand hectares) and Parna do Rio Novo (2.3 thousand hectares).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the consequences of mining is the silting up of rivers and the contamination of their waters. Satellite images show that the basins most affected by mining activity are the Tapaj\u00f3s, Teles Pires, Jamanxim, Xingu and Amazonas. These five basins account for 66% of the area mined in the country, with Tapaj\u00f3s accounting for 20% (54.8 thousand hectares) and Teles Pires 18% (48.1 thousand hectares).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Industrial mining<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

While mining is advancing at a rapid pace, the same cannot be said for industrial mining. There has been no growth in the area occupied by it, which in 2022 was close to the 180,000 hectares recorded in 2021. Last year, this area corresponded to less than half (40%) of the total occupied by mining activity in Brazil: 443,000 hectares.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par\u00e1, Mato Grosso and Minas Gerais together account for 339,000 hectares of mined area in Brazil, or 76% of the total. In both Par\u00e1 and Mato Grosso, mining is prevalent. In the case of Par\u00e1, there are 149,000 hectares of garimpo and 48,000 hectares of industrial mining. In Mato Grosso, there are 68,000 hectares of garimpo and 4,000 hectares of industrial mining. The situation is reversed in Minas Gerais, where 68,000 hectares are used for industrial mining and only 2,000 hectares for garimpo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The municipality with the largest mined area in Brazil is Itaituba, in Par\u00e1, with 71,000 hectares, 16% of the country's mined area. Next are Jacareacanga (PA) and Peixoto de Azevedo (MT), with 20,000 and 13,000 hectares, respectively. In the latter two cases, no industrial mining activity was detected: the entire area is occupied by garimpo.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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